Cultural Criticism

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• Activity

• The application of many concepts and theories in varying combinations and permutations

  • multi-disciplinary

• Three strands of cultural Criticism

• critique gesture(Frankfurt)
• a champion of popular culture(Birmingham school)

• an ethnographic and sociological approach(USA cultural studies and identity politics)

• Frankfurt

• Theodor Adorno, Horkheimer, Marcuse, Fromm, Haberrmas
• 1930s~

• Main arguments:

  • critical / negative to mass culture (instead of popular culture)
  • mass culture（用mass来指代的时候是带有贬义的） takes over labor as a means of oppressions
    • consumption
    • transform individuals into a homogenous mass audience

• Benjamin:1892-1940本雅明：

  • the work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction
  • reproducibility of arts
  • woodcut / engraving / lithography/ photography / sound film
  • 艺术品的不可复制性
  • 艺术品是怎么被政治化的politicized
  • aura 光晕
  • authenticity of things/ everything is transmissible /
  • in the absence of traditional ritualistic value; art would be based on the practice of politics
• Ardono:
  • 先锋派 vs 媚俗 (Kitsch)

• Clement Greenberg:?

• Birmingham:

• 亚文化
• CCCS
• FLagship journal： working papers in cultural studies
• semiotics 符号学？
• Richard Hall
• Hoggart：popular culture
• Raymond Williams